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DNS
OverviewThe domain name space is organised as a tree of domain names with collections of related nodes referred to as zones. Each zone is served by an authoritative DNS name server. To provide resilience in the event of computer failure, multiple DNS servers provide coverage of each domain. Thirteen root servers exist worldwide and DNS programs and operating systems have the IP addresses of these servers built in. However, because many root servers actually implement anycast, where many different computers can share the same IP address to deliver a single service over a large geographic region, the total number of physical name servers for the root zone is much larger and widely dispersed throughout the world. NZRS operates the authoritative name servers for the second-level domains (2LDs) under .nz, such as .co.nz, .org.nz, etc. The .nz DNS consists of two master name servers and seven slave name servers. The master name servers are updated with data from the SRS but are not themselves available for Internet queries. This function is performed by the slave name servers (known as ns1.dns.net.nz to ns7.dns.net.nz) which download their data from the masters. Scheduled Updates / Maintenance WindowsDetails of scheduled updates and maintenance windows for the DNS servers are available here. DNS Zone PushThe DNS Zone push from the SRS to the .nz slave name servers occurs every hour on the hour. DNS serviceTo provide the DNS Resolution Service for the .nz domain name space. This includes the following:
Note: To minimise the risk of single points of failure it is required to have geographical (both nationally and internationally) diversity and topological (Network) diversity. That the geographical and topological diversity requirement is designed with the possibility that some servers may cease to be available at any given time, in such situations that the routing will allow for continued access to the .nz domain name service. Name ServersThe following table lists the seven .nz slave name servers along with the name of the company managing each server.
IP ConnectivityAll the .nz name servers are capable of accepting requests and sending corresponding responses using IP version 4 (IPv4) transport. ns1.dns.net.nz, ns2.dns.net.nz and ns5.dns.net.nz are also capable of accepting requests and sending corresponding responses using IP version 6 (IPv6) transport. NS1 and NS2 are connected to the NZ IPv6 Internet Exchange Glue RecordsThe
SRS accepts authoritative name server delegation details for domains and these details are published in
the authoritative name servers for the .nz zones. Registrars are allowed to specify up to 10 name servers. Each name server must
contain information for a fully qualified domain name field (FQDN). There is no requirement that any name servers are within
the domain for which they are authoritative.
The full technical details supporting IPv4 and IPv6 Glue records are available here....(pdf)
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